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1.
J. Health Biol. Sci. (Online) ; 9(1): 1-7, 2021. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1379577

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Investigar o surto de histoplasmose em bombeiros no Distrito federal/DF, ocorrido em junho de 2017. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de coorte por meio das entrevistas realizadas com os bombeiros mediante um questionário semiestruturado. Considerou-se infectado o bombeiro que apresentou tomografia de tórax sugestiva de histoplasmose ou reagente nos testes de imunodifusão e/ou Western blot. Coletou-se amostra ambiental e realizou-se Nested PCR específico para Histoplasma capsulatum. Resultados: Entre 35 bombeiros, 94,3% eram homens; com a mediana de idade de 37 (24-45) anos, 28 foram classificados como infectados. A média de permanência dentro da caverna foi 25 minutos. O fator de risco associado à infecção foi o ato de entrar na caverna (RR=3,86; RA=71,6; p<0,02). Entre 14 amostras ambientais, 50% foram positivas para H. capsulatum. Conclusão: Confirmou-se o surto de histoplasmose de bombeiros em Brazlândia-DF, e foram tomadas ações como a interdição da caverna e o tratamento dos bombeiros.


Objectives: To nvestigate the outbreak of histoplasmosis in firefighters in Federal District/DF, which occurred in June 2017. Methods: A cohort study was conducted through interviews with firefighters by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. Firefighters who presented chest tomography suggestive of histoplasmosis or reacted to immunodiffusion and/or Western blot tests were considered infected. Environmental samples were collected and Nested PCR specific for Histoplasma capsulatum was performed. Results: Among 35 firefighters, 94.3% were men; with a median age of 37 (24-45) years, 28 were classified as infected. The average length of stay inside the cave was 25 minutes. The risk factor associated with infection was the act of entering the cave (RR = 3.86, RA = 71.6, p <0.02). Among 14 environmental samples, 50% were positive for H. capsulatum. Conclusion: The outbreak of histoplasmosis in firefighters in Brazlândia-DF was confirmed, and actions were taken such as banning the cave and treating the firefighters


Subject(s)
Histoplasma , Histoplasmosis , Disease Outbreaks , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Firefighters
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20190364, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057277

ABSTRACT

Abstract The present report describes the first case of postpartum disseminated histoplasmosis in a 24-year-old HIV-negative woman. On the tenth day after vaginal delivery, the patient presented with dyspnea, fever, hypotension, tachycardia, and painful hepatomegaly. Yeast-like Histoplasma capsulatum features were isolated in the buffy coat. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the fungal isolate was similar to other H. capsulatum isolates identified in HIV patients from Ceará and Latin America. Thus, histoplasmosis development in individuals with transitory immunosuppression or during the period of immunological recovery should be carefully examined.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , DNA, Fungal/analysis , DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics , Postpartum Period , Histoplasma/genetics , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Histoplasma/isolation & purification , Histoplasmosis/microbiology
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 113(3): 167-172, Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894906

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is one of the most important systemic mycoses in Latin America and the leading fungal cause of mortality in non-immunosuppressed individuals in Brazil. However, HIV/PCM co-infection can increase the clinical severity in these co-infected patients. This co-infection is rarely reported in the literature mainly because of the different epidemiological profiles of these infections. Furthermore, PCM is a neglected and non-notifiable disease, which may underestimate the real importance of this disease. The advent of molecular studies on the species of the genus Paracoccidioides has expanded the knowledge regarding the severity and the clinical spectrum in PCM. In this context, the development of studies to describe the association of the Paracoccidioides phylogenetic cryptic species in vulnerable populations, such as HIV-infected patients, appears relevant. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical, epidemiological, therapeutic and prognostic aspects in HIV/PCM co-infected patients, along with the molecular identification of the Paracoccidioides species involved in these cases. METHODS The investigators performed a molecular and clinical retrospective study involving HIV/PCM co-infected patients, from a reference centre for PCM care in the endemic area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1998 to 2015. Molecular identification of the fungal strains was done by amplification of partial sequences of arf and gp43 genes. FINDINGS Of 89 patients diagnosed with PCM by fungal isolation in the culture, a viable isolate was recovered for molecular analysis from 44 patients. Of these 44 patients, 28 (63.6%) had their serum samples submitted for enzyme immunoassay tests for screening of HIV antibodies, and 5 (17.9%) had a positive result. All cases were considered severe, with a variable clinical presentation, including mixed, acute/subacute clinical forms and a high rate of complications, requiring combination therapy. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis S1 was the species identified in all cases. CONCLUSIONS HIV/PCM co-infection can change the natural history of this fungal disease. The authors reinforce the need to include HIV screening diagnostic tests routinely for patients with PCM.


Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Socioeconomic Factors , Severity of Illness Index
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 51(1): 111-114, Jan.-Feb. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897041

ABSTRACT

Abstract The authors report the first case of fatal septic shock, a rare clinical presentation of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis S1. We also provide an immunological evaluation of the patient. Severe clinical signs such as organ dysfunction and digital gangrene occurred in this case. The patient presented a remarkable cell activation profile and diminished percentage of peripheral blood T regulatory cells. A decrease in anti-inflammatory IL-1RA plasma level showed the potential for endothelium damage, probably contributing to a vasculitis process. Together with P. lutzii, P. brasiliensis appears to be involved in severe cases of PCM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Paracoccidioides/genetics , Paracoccidioidomycosis/complications , Paracoccidioidomycosis/diagnosis , Phylogeny , Shock, Septic/microbiology , Severity of Illness Index , Fatal Outcome , Immunocompetence
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 113(11): e180305, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976227

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Human trichinellosis is a foodborne parasitic zoonotic disease caused by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat infected with nematode larvae of the genus Trichinella. In the USA, sporadic cases and outbreaks caused by the consumption of wild game meat infected with Trichinella have been reported. The current methods for diagnosis such as serology and microscopy are not specific, may result in false negative results, and cannot differentiate encapsulated Trichinella larvae to species level. The molecular protocols currently available for the differentiation of all encapsulate Trichinella species prevalent in North America have some limitations such as the inability to identify and resolve the presence of several Trichinella species in a single test. OBJECTIVES/METHODS In this study we developed and evaluated a multiplex TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, which can simultaneously detect, identify and differentiate all species of encapsulated Trichinella occurring in North America i.e., T. nativa, T. spiralis, T. murrelli and Trichinella T6, even in cases of multiple infection in a single sample. We investigated two human biopsies and 35 wild animal meat samples considered as having a high likelihood of harboring Trichinella larvae obtained from the United States during 2009-2017. FINDINGS Using the multiplex assay describe here, 22 (59%) samples that tested positive contained Trichinella spp., were identified as: T. nativa (n = 7, including a human biopsy), T. spiralis (n = 9, including a human biopsy), T. murrelli (n = 3), Trichinella T6 (n = 1). Results also included two rare mixed infection cases in bears, a T. nativa/T. spiralis from Alaska and a T. spiralis/Trichinella T6 from California. The species identifications were confirmed using a conventional PCR targeting the rRNA ITS1-ITS2 region, followed by DNA sequencing analysis. The estimated limit of detection (LOD) was approximately seven larvae per gram of meat. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Differentiation of Trichinella spp. is needed to improve efforts on identification of case, optimize food safety control and better understand the geographic distribution of Trichinella species. The Trichinella qPCR multiplex proved to be a robust, easy to perform assay and is presented as an improved technique for identification of all known encapsulated species occurring in North America continent.


Subject(s)
Humans , Trichinella , Microscopy/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
6.
Movimento (Porto Alegre) ; 23(4): 1203-1216, out.-dez. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-970929

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a formação de treinadores de handebol de âmbito escolar, bem como identificar os contextos e situações de aprendizagem preferidos por eles. Para isso foram entrevistados 11 treinadores de âmbito escolar de um município do Estado de São Paulo. O instrumento de entrevista semiestruturada abrangeu duas questões principais: uma relacionada à formação acadêmica (graduação e pós-graduação) e outra referente aos diferentes contextos de aprendizagem. Os entrevistados relataram que a graduação cumpre um importante papel na formação, porém insuficiente para o domínio dos conteúdos específicos inerentes ao seu contexto de atuação. Considerando os contextos de aprendizagem os treinadores apontam preferência pelas fontes provenientes do contexto informal (como as experiências como atleta, as conversas com outros treinadores e os materiais disponíveis na internet), ao passo que apontam o contexto não formal como pouco relevante para a atuação


This work analyzes school handball coaches' academic background and identifies their preferred learning contexts and situations. Eleven school coaches from a city in the Brazilian State of São Paulo were interviewed. The semi-structured interview included two main questions: one related to college education (undergraduate and graduate studies) and another one related to different learning contexts. Interviewees reported that undergraduate students play an important role in their training, but were not enough to master the specific knowledge related to their work context. Considering the learning contexts, coaches preferred sources coming from informal contexts ­ such as their experiences as athletes, conversations with other coaches, and material available online. Coaches also pointed that non-formal contexts were not very relevant to their work


El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la formación de entrenadores escolares de balonmano en el ámbito escolar e identificar los contextos y situaciones de aprendizaje preferidos. Para ello fueron entrevistados 11 entrenadores de ámbito escolar de un municipio de la ciudad de São Paulo. El instrumento de entrevista semiestructurada cubrió dos cuestiones principales: la formación académica (grado y postgrado) y los diferentes contextos de aprendizaje. Los entrevistados relataron que la graduación juega un papel importante en la formación, aunque insuficiente para el dominio de los contenidos específicos de su contexto profesional. Teniendo en cuenta los contextos de aprendizaje, los entrenadores manifiestan preferencia por fuentes provenientes del contexto informal (por ejemplo, la experiencia como atleta, conversaciones con otros entrenadores y los materiales disponibles en internet), mientras que señalan el contexto no formal como poco relevante para la actuación profesional


Subject(s)
Humans , Sports , Teacher Training , Knowledge , Learning
7.
Fisioter. pesqui ; 15(2): 149-156, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-498930

ABSTRACT

O desenvolvimento da Fisioterapia, aliado às mudanças na educação e na saúde, faz com que a autonomia e os dilemas éticos do fisioterapeuta sejam maiores a cada dia, expandindo seu papel no cuidado do paciente...


Physical therapy recent expansion, along with changes in education and health, enhance physical therapists' role in patient care, while increasing both their autonomy and the ethical challenges they face in daily clinic. In addition to knowledge of the...


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics , Ethics, Professional , Physical Therapy Specialty
8.
Acta cir. bras ; 21(4): 203-206, July-Aug. 2006. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-431836

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um método de diagnóstico diferencial de afogamento, pela análise quantitativa dos macrófagos alveolares, em ratos submetidos à afogamento induzido em água doce e água salgada. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 15 ratos adultos, machos Wistar EPM-1, pesando 360g (DP=21,3), randomizados em três grupos: G1 – controle; G2 – Água doce; G3 – Água salgada, cada um com n=5. Os animais foram anestesiados e traqueostomizados para inserção de uma cânula endotraqueal, para indução do afogamento. Os pulmões foram removidos, pesados, preparados para histologia e corados por imunohistoquímica. Os macrófagos foram contados em ambos os pulmões (direito e esquerdo) de cada animal. O teste estatístico utilizado foi o ANOVA (SPSS.10) com p<0,05.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Drowning/diagnosis , Fresh Water/analysis , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Lung/pathology , Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology , Seawater/analysis , Analysis of Variance , Case-Control Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Models, Animal , Forensic Pathology/methods , Lung/chemistry , Macrophages, Alveolar/chemistry , Organ Size , Random Allocation , Tracheostomy
9.
Mundo saúde (Impr.) ; 29(3): 375-380, jul.-set. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-421348

ABSTRACT

A velha questão filosófica sobre se nossas atitudes são determinadas por inúmeros fatores ou são completamente livres e obedecem unicamente ao nosso arbítrio, não é, rigorosamente, um problema moral, mas sim metafísico, tendo muito mais a ver com a natureza da realidade. O presente trabalho reintroduz o tema, e aborda as múltiplas formas de determinismo e fatalismo. Por fim, conclui que temos possibilidade de fazer escolhas, porém dentro de determinados limites. Em outras palavras possuímos livre arbítrio, só que ele nã é tão livre assim.


Subject(s)
Ethics , Morale , Philosophy , Freedom
11.
12.
Mundo saúde (Impr.) ; 20(3): 119-22, abr. 1996.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-167144

ABSTRACT

E indispensavel que se discuta o problema basico do dilema etico que e hoje enfrentado pelo medico, aquele que poe em confronto dois criterios filosoficos conflitantes: o da santidade da vida e da qualidade de vida. Como se sabe nao existem modelos, mas casos e doentes e cada um deles e um problema em particular


Subject(s)
Bioethics , Ethics, Medical , Euthanasia
13.
Medicina (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 28(1): 20-5, jan.-mar. 1995.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-229347

ABSTRACT

O Autor tece consideraçöes gerais a respeito da ética da investigaçäo científica, sobretudo na pesquisa médica com seres humanos. Estabelece a moldura conceitual do problema e trata da questäo fundamental do consentimento informado. E após algumas reflexöes sobre a experiência com tecido fetal, o dilema da moralidade da remuneraçäo aos sujeitos da pesquisa e a qualidade ética da publicaçäo de trabalhos em revistas e periódicos, conclui pela indispensabilidade de maior número de pesquisas com seres humanos, mas que atendem ao mesmo tempo, as exigências científicas e um elevado padräo ético.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Ethics, Medical , Human Experimentation , Bioethics
14.
In. Segre, Marco; Cohen, Claudio. Bioética. Säo Paulo, Edusp, 1995. p.89-100. (Coleçäo Fac. Med. - USP, 2).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-179826
15.
In. Segre, Marco; Cohen, Claudio. Bioética. Säo Paulo, Edusp, 1995. p.117-26. (Coleçäo Fac. Med. - USP, 2).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-179828
17.
Bioética ; 1(1): 49-53, 1993.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-210019

ABSTRACT

Aborda a partir de um questionamento da ética hipocrática, a responsabilidade profissional do médico frente aos dilemas morais da medicina atual, indicando que a ampla divergência de opiniöes e valores entre médicos, pacientes e público em geral acarreta divisöes que impedem que um grande conjunto de normas homogêneas seja aceito por todos. Discute a repercussäo de uma doença grave - a AIDS - sobre a relaçäo médico-paciente, enfatizando alguns aspectos, como a discriminaçäo, o direito à informaçäo e à confidência e o abandono e coerçäo do doente ou do portador do vírus. Tece consideraçöes sobre a responsabilidade do médico, frente à sociedade e ao próprio paciente e sobre o papel do médico no confronto entre o direito coletivo e o pessoal, em épocas de crise causada pela ameaça de epidemias


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Ethics, Medical , Hospital-Patient Relations , Physician-Patient Relations , Attitude of Health Personnel , Patient Advocacy , Prejudice , Refusal to Treat
19.
An. paul. med. cir ; 113(3/4): 19-24, jul.-dez. 1986. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-44536

ABSTRACT

Apresenta-se um caso de Sarcoma de Ewing. A raridade da localizaçäo do tumor en apreço levou a uma documentaçäo minuciosa e uma revisäo na literatura para avaliaçäo da incidência do referido sarcoma na clavícula. Num trabalho revisionário extenso, poucas referências foram encontradas sobre esta estrutura. Justifica-se a realizaçäo deste para relatar de forma completa o caso, tanto pela incidência, quanto pela evoluçäo, pois decorridos oito anos da ressecçäo do tumor, a paciente näo apresenta sinais gerais ou loco-regionais do tumor, encontrando-se clinicamente curada


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Female , Clavicle , Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis
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